English dictionary of medical terms (37)

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No:720 - glucose: (Gr. gleukos sweetness; glykys sweet) D-glucose, a monosaccharide (hexose), C6H12O6, also known as dextrose (q.v.), found in certain foodstuffs, especially fruits, and in the normal blood of all animals. It is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, its utilization being controlled by insulin. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles for use as needed and, beyond that, is converted to fat and stored as adipose tissue. Glucose appears in the urine in diabetes mellitus.
No:721 - gluten: (L. 'glue') the protein of wheat and other grains which gives to the dough its tough elastic character.
No:722 - glycoside: any compound that contains a carbohydrate molecule (sugar), particularly any such natural product in plants, convertible, by hydrolytic cleavage, into sugar and a nonsugar component (aglycone), and named specifically for the sugar contained, as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose) etc.
No:723 - glycosuria: (glyco- + Gr. ouron urine + -ia) the presence of glucose in the urine; especially the excretion of an abnormally large amount of sugar (glucose) in the urine, i.e., more than 1 gm. in 24 hours.
No:724 - gonadal: pertaining to a gonad.
No:725 - gonadotropic: (gonad + Gr. tropos a turning) stimulating the gonads; applied to hormones of the anterior pituitary which influence the gonads.
No:726 - gonioscopy: examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye with the gonioscope.
No:727 - gonorrhoea: (gono- + Gr. rhein to flow) infection due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted sexually in most cases, but also by contact with infected exudates in neonatal children at birth, or by infants in households with infected inhabitants. It is marked in males by urethritis with pain and purulent discharge, but is commonly asymptomatic in females, although it may extend to produce suppurative salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and peritonitis. Bacteraemia occurs in both sexes, resulting in cutaneous lesions, arthritis, and rarely meningitis or endocarditis. Formerly called blennorrhagia and blennorrhoea.
No:728 - gradual: taking place by a series of small changes over a long period; not sudden.
No:729 - gram-negative: losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. Cf. gram- positive.
No:730 - gram-positive: retaining the stain or resisting decolorization by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria whose cell wall is composed of a thick layer of peptidologlycan with attached teichoic acids. Cf. gramnegative.
No:731 - Grandry's corpuscles: (M. Grandry, Belgian physician of the 19th century) menisci tactus.
No:732 - granule: (L. granulum) a small pill made from sucrose.
No:733 - granulocytopenia: (granulocyte + Gr. penia poverty) agranulocytosis.
No:734 - gravidity: (L. graviditas) pregnancy; the condition of being pregnant, without regard to the outcome.
No:735 - gynaecological: pertaining to gynaecology.
No:736 - gynaecomastia: (gyneco- + Gr. mastos breast) excessive development of the male mammary glands, even to the functional state.
No:737 - habitual: of the nature of a habit; according to habit; established by or repeated by force of habit, customary.
No:738 - haematemesis: (haemat- + Gr. emesis vomiting) the vomiting of blood.
No:739 - haematoma: (haemato- + -oma) a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.

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